Prevalence, Neurohormonal Correlates, and Prognosis of Heart Failure Stages in the Community.

The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and prognosis of HF stages in the community; to evaluate if preclinical HF stages are characterized by elevation of pro-inflammatory (C-reactive protein), neurohormonal activation (B-type natriuretic peptide, renin and aldosterone), and cardiac stress biomarkers (high-sensitivity troponin I, ST-2, and growth differentiation factor-15).