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Oleisky ER, Archer KR. Pennings JS, Hills J, Sivaganesan A, Call R, Devin CJ. Comparing different chronic preoperative opioid use definitions on outcomes after spine surgery. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society. 2019 Jun;19(19). 984-994.
Abstract
No consensus exists for defining chronic preoperative opioid use. Most spine studies rely solely on opioid duration to stratify patients into preoperative risk categories.