2023
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Kordus SL, Kroh HK, Rodríguez RC, Shrem RA, Peritore-Galve FC, Shupe JA, Wadzinski BE, Lacy DB, Spiller BW. Nanobodies against C. difficile TcdA and TcdB reveal unexpected neutralizing epitopes and provide a toolkit for toxin quantitation in vivo. PLoS pathogens. 2023 Oct;19(19). e1011496.
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Soto Ocaña J, Bayard NU, Hart JL, Thomas AK, Furth EE, Lacy DB, Aronoff DM, Zackular JP. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs sensitize epithelial cells to toxin-mediated mitochondrial damage. Science advances. 2023 Jul 21;9(9). eadh5552.
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Castro-Córdova P, Otto-Medina M, Montes-Bravo N, Brito-Silva C, Lacy DB, Paredes-Sabja D. Redistribution of the Novel Clostridioides difficile Spore Adherence Receptor E-Cadherin by TcdA and TcdB Increases Spore Binding to Adherens Junctions. Infection and immunity. 2023 Jan 24;91(91). e0047622.
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Lunnemann HM, Shealy NG, Reyzer ML, Shupe JA, Green EH, Siddiqi U, Lacy DB, Byndloss MX, Markham NO. Cecum axis (CecAx) preservation reveals physiological and pathological gradients in mouse gastrointestinal epithelium. Gut microbes. 15(15). 2185029 p.
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Peritore-Galve FC, Kaji I, Smith A, Walker LM, Shupe JA, Washington MK, Algood HMS, Dudeja PK, Goldenring JR, Lacy DB. Increased intestinal permeability and downregulation of absorptive ion transporters , , and contribute to diarrhea during infection. Gut microbes. 15(15). 2225841 p.
2022
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Saund K, Pirani A, Lacy DB, Hanna PC, Snitkin E. Strain Variation in Clostridioides difficile Cytotoxicity Associated with Genomic Variation at Both Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Loci. MSphere. 2022 Dec 29;7(7). e0017422.
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Bernard SC, Washington MK, Lacy DB. Paeniclostridium sordellii uterine infection is dependent on the estrous cycle. PLoS pathogens. 2022 Nov;18(18). e1010997.
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Sheedlo MJ, Ohi MD, Lacy DB, Cover TL. Molecular architecture of bacterial type IV secretion systems. PLoS pathogens. 2022 Aug;18(18). e1010720.
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Peritore-Galve FC, Shupe JA, Cave RJ, Childress KO, Washington MK, Kuehne SA, Lacy DB. Glucosyltransferase-dependent and independent effects of Clostridioides difficile toxins during infection. PLoS pathogens. 2022 Feb 17;18(18). e1010323.
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Varley CD, Rogers LM, Dixon BR, Bernard SC, Lacy DB, Sulpizio E, Aronoff DM, Townes JM. Persistent bacteremia and psoas abscess caused by a lethal toxin-deficient Paeniclostridiumsordellii. Anaerobe. 2022 Jan 24. 102520 p.
2021
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Kordus SL, Thomas AK, Lacy DB. Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics. Nature reviews. Microbiology. 2021 Nov 26.
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Caso GC, McClain MS, Erwin AL, Truelock MD, Campbell AM, Leasure CS, Nagel M, Schey KL, Lacy DB, Ohi MD, Cover TL. Functional properties of oligomeric and monomeric forms of VacA toxin. Infection and immunity. 2021 Sep 20. IAI0034821.
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Sheedlo MJ, Durie CL, Chung JM, Chang L, Roberts J, Swanson M, Lacy DB, Ohi MD. Cryo-EM reveals new species-specific proteins and symmetry elements in the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm T4SS. ELife. 2021 Sep 14;10(10).
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Wexler AG, Guiberson ER, Beavers WN, Shupe JA, Washington MK, Lacy DB, Caprioli RM, Spraggins JM, Skaar EP. Clostridioides difficile infection induces a rapid influx of bile acids into the gut during colonization of the host. Cell reports. 2021 Sep 7;36(36). 109683 p.
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Monaghan TM, Seekatz AM, Markham NO, Yau TO, Hatziapostolou M, Jilani T, Christodoulou N, Roach B, Birli E, Pomenya O, Louie T, Lacy DB, Kim P, Lee C, Kao D, Polytarchou C. Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection associates with functional alterations in circulating microRNAs. Gastroenterology. 2021 Apr 5.
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Markham NO, Bloch SC, Shupe JA, Laubacher EN, Thomas AK, Kroh HK, Childress KO, Peritore-Galve FC, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Lacy DB. Murine intrarectal instillation of purified recombinant toxins enables mechanistic studies of pathogenesis. Infection and Immunity. 2021 Jan 19.
2020
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Janezic S, Dingle K, Alvin J, Accetto T, Didelot X, Crook DW, Lacy DB, Rupnik M. Comparative genomics of toxinotypes identifies module-based toxin gene evolution. Microbial genomics. 2020 Oct;6(6).
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Parnell JM, Fazili I, Bloch SC, Lacy DB, Garcia-Lopez VA, Bernard R, Skaar EP, Edwards KM, Nicholson MR. Two-Step Testing for Clostridioides Difficile is Inadequate in Differentiating Infection From Colonization in Children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2020 Sep 9.
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Sheedlo MJ, Chung JM, Sawhney N, Durie CL, Cover TL, Ohi MD, Lacy DB. Cryo-EM reveals species-specific components within the Cag type IV secretion system core complex. ELife. 2020 Sep 2;9(9).
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Durie CL, Sheedlo MJ, Chung JM, Byrne BG, Su M, Knight T, Swanson M, Lacy DB, Ohi MD. Structural analysis of the Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System Core Complex. ELife. 2020 Sep 2;9(9).
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Cover TL, Lacy DB, Ohi MD. The Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System. Trends in Microbiology. 2020 Mar 26.
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Mileto SJ, Jardé T, Childress KO, Jensen JL, Rogers AP, Kerr G, Hutton ML, Sheedlo MJ, Bloch SC, Shupe JA, Horvay K, Flores T, Engel R, Wilkins S, McMurrick PJ, Lacy DB, Abud HE, Lyras D. infection damages colonic stem cells via TcdB, impairing epithelial repair and recovery from disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020 Mar 20.
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Tam J, Icho S, Utama E, Orrell KE, Gómez-Biagi RF, Theriot CM, Kroh HK, Rutherford SA, Lacy DB, Melnyk RA. Intestinal bile acids directly modulate the structure and function of TcdB toxin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020 Mar 9.
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Sheedlo MJ, Anderson DM, Thomas AK, Lacy DB. Structural elucidation of the transferase toxin reveals a single-site binding mode for the enzyme. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020 Mar 2.
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Farrow MA, Chumber NM, Bloch SC, King M, Moton-Melancon K, Shupe J, Washington MK, Spiller BW, Lacy DB. Small Molecule Inhibitor Screen Reveals Calcium Channel Signaling as a Mechanistic Mediator of TcdB-Induced Necrosis. ACS Chemical Biology. 2020 Jan 14.
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Anderson DM, Sheedlo MJ, Jensen JL, Lacy DB. Structural insights into the transition of Clostridioides difficile binary toxin from prepore to pore. Nature Microbiology. 5(5). 102-105.
2019
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Chung JM, Sheedlo MJ, Campbell AM, Sawhney N, Frick-Cheng AE, Lacy DB, Cover TL, Ohi MD. Structure of the Cag type IV secretion system. ELife. 2019 Dec 18;8(8).
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Palmer LD, Jordan AT, Maloney KN, Farrow MA, Gutierrez DB, Gant-Branum R, Burns WJ, Romer CE, Tsui T, Allen JL, Beavers WN, Nei YW, Sherrod SD, Lacy DB, Norris JL, McLean JA, Caprioli RM, Skaar EP. Zinc intoxication induces ferroptosis in A549 human lung cells. Metallomics : integrated biometal science. 2019 May 22;11(11). 982-993. NIHMSID: NIHMS1023146.
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Su M, Erwin AL, Campbell AM, Pyburn TM, Salay LE, Hanks JL, Lacy DB, Akey DL, Cover TL, Ohi MD. Cryo-EM Analysis Reveals Structural Basis of Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin Oligomerization. Journal of molecular biology. 2019 May 3;431(431). 1956-1965. NIHMSID: NIHMS1531469.
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Yang S, Harding AT, Sweeney C, Miao D, Swan G, Zhou C, Jiang Z, Fitzgerald KA, Hammer G, Bergo MO, Kroh HK, Lacy DB, Sun C, Glogauer M, Que LG, Heaton NS, Wang D. Control of antiviral innate immune response by protein geranylgeranylation. Science advances. 2019 May;5(5). eaav7999.
2018
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Kroh HK, Chandrasekaran R, Zhang Z, Rosenthal K, Woods R, Jin X, Nyborg AC, Rainey GJ, Warrener P, Melnyk RA, Spiller BW, Lacy DB. A neutralizing antibody that blocks delivery of the enzymatic cargo of toxin TcdB into host cells. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2018 Jan 19;293(293). 941-952.
2017
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Gupta P, Zhang Z, Sugiman-Marangos SN, Tam J, Raman S, Julien JP, Kroh HK, Lacy DB, Murgolo N, Bekkari K, Therien AG, Hernandez LD, Melnyk RA. Functional defects in TcdB toxin uptake identify CSPG4 receptor-binding determinants. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2017 Dec 20;292(292). 17290-17301.
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Surdel MC, Horvath DJ, Lojek LJ, Fullen AR, Simpson J, Dutter BF, Salleng KJ, Ford JB, Jenkins JL, Nagarajan R, Teixeira PL, Albertolle M, Georgiev IS, Jansen ED, Sulikowski GA, Lacy DB, Dailey HA, Skaar EP. Antibacterial photosensitization through activation of coproporphyrinogen oxidase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2017 Dec 8;114(114). E6652-E6659.
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Kroh HK, Chandrasekaran R, Rosenthal K, Woods R, Jin X, Ohi MD, Nyborg AC, Rainey GJ, Warrener P, Spiller BW, Lacy DB. Use of a neutralizing antibody helps identify structural features critical for binding of toxin TcdA to the host cell surface. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2017 Dec 1;292(292). 14401-14412.
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Alvin JW, Lacy DB. Clostridium difficile toxin glucosyltransferase domains in complex with a non-hydrolyzable UDP-glucose analogue. Journal of structural biology. 2017 Dec;198(198). 203-209. NIHMSID: NIHMS871623.
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Chandrasekaran R, Lacy DB. The role of toxins in Clostridium difficile infection. FEMS microbiology reviews. 2017 Nov 1;41(41). 723-750.
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Hernandez LD, Kroh HK, Hsieh E, Yang X, Beaumont M, Sheth PR, DiNunzio E, Rutherford SA, Ohi MD, Ermakov G, Xiao L, Secore S, Karczewski J, Racine F, Mayhood T, Fischer P, Sher X, Gupta P, Lacy DB, Therien AG. Epitopes and Mechanism of Action of the Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Neutralizing Antibody Actoxumab. Journal of molecular biology. 2017 Apr 7;429(429). 1030-1044.
2016
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Smits WK, Lyras D, Lacy DB, Wilcox MH, Kuijper EJ. Clostridium difficile infection. Nature reviews. Disease primers. 2016 Dec 7;2(2). 16020 p. NIHMSID: NIHMS857742.
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Chandrasekaran R, Kenworthy AK, Lacy DB. Clostridium difficile Toxin A Undergoes Clathrin-Independent, PACSIN2-Dependent Endocytosis. PLoS pathogens. 2016 Dec;12(12). e1006070.
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Chumbler NM, Farrow MA, Lapierre LA, Franklin JL, Lacy DB. Clostridium difficile Toxins TcdA and TcdB Cause Colonic Tissue Damage by Distinct Mechanisms. Infection and immunity. 2016 Dec;84(84). 2871-7.
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González-Rivera C, Campbell AM, Rutherford SA, Pyburn TM, Foegeding NJ, Barke TL, Spiller BW, McClain MS, Ohi MD, Lacy DB, Cover TL. A Nonoligomerizing Mutant Form of Helicobacter pylori VacA Allows Structural Analysis of the p33 Domain. Infection and immunity. 2016 Dec;84(84). 2662-70.
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Reyes-Robles T, Lubkin A, Alonzo F, Lacy DB, Torres VJ. Exploiting dominant-negative toxins to combat Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. EMBO reports. 2016 Mar;17(17). 428-40.
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Quesada-Gómez C, López-Ureña D, Chumbler N, Kroh HK, Castro-Peña C, Rodríguez C, Orozco-Aguilar J, González-Camacho S, Rucavado A, Guzmán-Verri C, Lawley TD, Lacy DB, Chaves-Olarte E. Analysis of TcdB Proteins within the Hypervirulent Clade 2 Reveals an Impact of RhoA Glucosylation on Clostridium difficile Proinflammatory Activities. Infection and immunity. 2016 Jan 11;84(84). 856-65.
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Chumbler NM, Rutherford SA, Zhang Z, Farrow MA, Lisher JP, Farquhar E, Giedroc DP, Spiller BW, Melnyk RA, Lacy DB. Crystal structure of Clostridium difficile toxin A. Nature microbiology. 2016 Jan 11;1(1). 15002 p. NIHMSID: NIHMS807433.
2015
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Varela Chavez C, Hoos S, Haustant GM, Chenal A, England P, Blondel A, Pauillac S, Lacy DB, Popoff MR. The catalytic domains of Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin and related large clostridial glucosylating toxins specifically recognize the negatively charged phospholipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. Cellular microbiology. 2015 Oct;17(17). 1477-93.
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Wang X, Yamamoto Y, Wilson LH, Zhang T, Howitt BE, Farrow MA, Kern F, Ning G, Hong Y, Khor CC, Chevalier B, Bertrand D, Wu L, Nagarajan N, Sylvester FA, Hyams JS, Devers T, Bronson R, Lacy DB, Ho KY, Crum CP, McKeon F, Xian W. Cloning and variation of ground state intestinal stem cells. Nature. 2015 Jun 11;522(522). 173-8. NIHMSID: NIHMS768270.
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LaFrance ME, Farrow MA, Chandrasekaran R, Sheng J, Rubin DH, Lacy DB. Identification of an epithelial cell receptor responsible for Clostridium difficile TcdB-induced cytotoxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2015 Jun 2;112(112). 7073-8.
2014
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Zhang Z, Park M, Tam J, Auger A, Beilhartz GL, Lacy DB, Melnyk RA. Translocation domain mutations affecting cellular toxicity identify the Clostridium difficile toxin B pore. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2014 Mar 11;111(111). 3721-6.
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DuMont AL, Yoong P, Liu X, Day CJ, Chumbler NM, James DB, Alonzo F, Bode NJ, Lacy DB, Jennings MP, Torres VJ. Identification of a crucial residue required for Staphylococcus aureus LukAB cytotoxicity and receptor recognition. Infection and immunity. 2014 Mar;82(82). 1268-76.
2013
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Farrow MA, Chumbler NM, Lapierre LA, Franklin JL, Rutherford SA, Goldenring JR, Lacy DB. Clostridium difficile toxin B-induced necrosis is mediated by the host epithelial cell NADPH oxidase complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2013 Nov 12;110(110). 18674-9.
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Reyes-Robles T, Alonzo F, Kozhaya L, Lacy DB, Unutmaz D, Torres VJ. Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin ED targets the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 to kill leukocytes and promote infection. Cell host & microbe. 2013 Oct 16;14(14). 453-9. NIHMSID: NIHMS530934.
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Slater LH, Hett EC, Mark K, Chumbler NM, Patel D, Lacy DB, Collier RJ, Hung DT. Identification of novel host-targeted compounds that protect from anthrax lethal toxin-induced cell death. ACS chemical biology. 2013 Apr 19;8(8). 812-22. NIHMSID: NIHMS442652.
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Benefield DA, Dessain SK, Shine N, Ohi MD, Lacy DB. Molecular assembly of botulinum neurotoxin progenitor complexes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2013 Apr 2;110(110). 5630-5.
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Chambers MG, Pyburn TM, González-Rivera C, Collier SE, Eli I, Yip CK, Takizawa Y, Lacy DB, Cover TL, Ohi MD. Structural analysis of the oligomeric states of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin. Journal of molecular biology. 2013 Feb 8;425(425). 524-35. NIHMSID: NIHMS424418.
2012
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Pruitt RN, Chumbler NM, Rutherford SA, Farrow MA, Friedman DB, Spiller B, Lacy DB. Structural determinants of Clostridium difficile toxin A glucosyltransferase activity. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2012 Mar 9;287(287). 8013-20.
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Chumbler NM, Farrow MA, Lapierre LA, Franklin JL, Haslam DB, Haslam D, Goldenring JR, Lacy DB. Clostridium difficile Toxin B causes epithelial cell necrosis through an autoprocessing-independent mechanism. PLoS pathogens. 8(8). e1003072.
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Pruitt RN, Lacy DB. Toward a structural understanding of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2(2). 28 p.
2011
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Mushrush DJ, Koteiche HA, Sammons MA, Link AJ, McHaourab HS, Lacy DB. Studies of the mechanistic details of the pH-dependent association of botulinum neurotoxin with membranes. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2011 Jul 29;286(286). 27011-8.
2010
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Gangwer KA, Shaffer CL, Suerbaum S, Lacy DB, Cover TL, Bordenstein SR. Molecular evolution of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin gene vacA. Journal of bacteriology. 2010 Dec;192(192). 6126-35.
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Pruitt RN, Chambers MG, Ng KK, Ohi MD, Lacy DB. Structural organization of the functional domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010 Jul 27;107(107). 13467-72.
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González-Rivera C, Gangwer KA, McClain MS, Eli IM, Chambers MG, Ohi MD, Lacy DB, Cover TL. Reconstitution of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin from purified components. Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 13;49(49). 5743-52. NIHMSID: NIHMS214064.
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Schmitt J, Karalewitz A, Benefield DA, Mushrush DJ, Pruitt RN, Spiller BW, Barbieri JT, Lacy DB. Structural analysis of botulinum neurotoxin type G receptor binding . Biochemistry. 2010 Jun 29;49(49). 5200-5. NIHMSID: NIHMS210255.
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Ivie SE, McClain MS, Algood HM, Lacy DB, Cover TL. Analysis of a beta-helical region in the p55 domain of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. BMC microbiology. 2010 Feb 23;10(10). 60 p.
2009
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Pruitt RN, Chagot B, Cover M, Chazin WJ, Spiller B, Lacy DB. Structure-function analysis of inositol hexakisphosphate-induced autoprocessing in Clostridium difficile toxin A. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2009 Aug 14;284(284). 21934-40.
2008
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Fischer A, Mushrush DJ, Lacy DB, Montal M. Botulinum neurotoxin devoid of receptor binding domain translocates active protease. PLoS pathogens. 2008 Dec;4(4). e1000245.
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Ivie SE, McClain MS, Torres VJ, Algood HM, Lacy DB, Yang R, Blanke SR, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori VacA subdomain required for intracellular toxin activity and assembly of functional oligomeric complexes. Infection and immunity. 2008 Jul;76(76). 2843-51.
2007
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Gangwer KA, Mushrush DJ, Stauff DL, Spiller B, McClain MS, Cover TL, Lacy DB. Crystal structure of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin p55 domain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2007 Oct 9;104(104). 16293-8.
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Scobie HM, Marlett JM, Rainey GJ, Lacy DB, Collier RJ, Young JA. Anthrax toxin receptor 2 determinants that dictate the pH threshold of toxin pore formation. PloS one. 2007 Mar 28;2(2). e329.
2006
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Scobie HM, Wigelsworth DJ, Marlett JM, Thomas D, Rainey GJ, Lacy DB, Manchester M, Collier RJ, Young JA. Anthrax toxin receptor 2-dependent lethal toxin killing in vivo. PLoS pathogens. 2006 Oct;2(2). e111.
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Melnyk RA, Hewitt KM, Lacy DB, Lin HC, Gessner CR, Li S, Woods VL, Collier RJ. Structural determinants for the binding of anthrax lethal factor to oligomeric protective antigen. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2006 Jan 20;281(281). 1630-5.
2005
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Lacy DB, Lin HC, Melnyk RA, Schueler-Furman O, Reither L, Cunningham K, Baker D, Collier RJ. A model of anthrax toxin lethal factor bound to protective antigen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2005 Nov 8;102(102). 16409-14.
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Krantz BA, Melnyk RA, Zhang S, Juris SJ, Lacy DB, Wu Z, Finkelstein A, Collier RJ. A phenylalanine clamp catalyzes protein translocation through the anthrax toxin pore. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2005 Jul 29;309(309). 777-81. NIHMSID: NIHMS14687.
2004
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Lacy DB, Wigelsworth DJ, Melnyk RA, Harrison SC, Collier RJ. Structure of heptameric protective antigen bound to an anthrax toxin receptor: a role for receptor in pH-dependent pore formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004 Sep 7;101(101). 13147-51.
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Wigelsworth DJ, Krantz BA, Christensen KA, Lacy DB, Juris SJ, Collier RJ. Binding stoichiometry and kinetics of the interaction of a human anthrax toxin receptor, CMG2, with protective antigen. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2004 May 28;279(279). 23349-56.
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Lacy DB, Wigelsworth DJ, Scobie HM, Young JA, Collier RJ. Crystal structure of the von Willebrand factor A domain of human capillary morphogenesis protein 2: an anthrax toxin receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004 Apr 27;101(101). 6367-72.
2003
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Mourez M, Yan M, Lacy DB, Dillon L, Bentsen L, Marpoe A, Maurin C, Hotze E, Wigelsworth D, Pimental RA, Ballard JD, Collier RJ, Tweten RK. Mapping dominant-negative mutations of anthrax protective antigen by scanning mutagenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003 Nov 25;100(100). 13803-8.
2002
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Mourez M, Lacy DB, Cunningham K, Legmann R, Sellman BR, Mogridge J, Collier RJ. 2001: a year of major advances in anthrax toxin research. Trends in microbiology. 2002 Jun;10(10). 287-93.
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Cunningham K, Lacy DB, Mogridge J, Collier RJ. Mapping the lethal factor and edema factor binding sites on oligomeric anthrax protective antigen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2002 May 14;99(99). 7049-53.
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Mogridge J, Cunningham K, Lacy DB, Mourez M, Collier RJ. The lethal and edema factors of anthrax toxin bind only to oligomeric forms of the protective antigen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2002 May 14;99(99). 7045-8.
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Lacy DB, Mourez M, Fouassier A, Collier RJ. Mapping the anthrax protective antigen binding site on the lethal and edema factors. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2002 Jan 25;277(277). 3006-10.
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Lacy DB, Collier RJ. Structure and function of anthrax toxin. Current topics in microbiology and immunology. 271(271). 61-85.
2001
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Pannifer AD, Wong TY, Schwarzenbacher R, Renatus M, Petosa C, Bienkowska J, Lacy DB, Collier RJ, Park S, Leppla SH, Hanna P, Liddington RC. Crystal structure of the anthrax lethal factor. Nature. 2001 Nov 8;414(414). 229-33.
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Lacy DB, Stevens RC. Sequence homology and structural analysis of the clostridial neurotoxins. Journal of molecular biology. 1999 Sep 3;291(291). 1091-104.
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Lacy DB, Stevens RC. Unraveling the structures and modes of action of bacterial toxins. Current opinion in structural biology. 1998 Dec;8(8). 778-84.
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Lacy DB, Tepp W, Cohen AC, DasGupta BR, Stevens RC. Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type A and implications for toxicity. Nature structural biology. 1998 Oct;5(5). 898-902.
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Lacy DB, Stevens RC. Recombinant expression and purification of the botulinum neurotoxin type A translocation domain. Protein expression and purification. 1997 Nov;11(11). 195-200.