Toward more reliable measurements of NOE effects in CEST spectra at around -1.6 ppm (NOE (-1.6)) in rat brain.

Recently, a new relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) saturation transfer effect at around -1.6 parts per million, termed NOE(-1.6), and its potential applications in tumor and stroke were reported by several institutes. However, there is a concern of the reproducibility of NOE(-1.6) measurements because it is not reported by many other publications. This paper aims to study the influence of typically overlooked experimental settings on the NOE(-1.6) signal and to build a framework for more reliable measurements of NOE(-1.6) at 9.4T.